Oral sensitivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to atypical sensory processing in the mouth, often leading to hypersensitivity (over-reaction to textures, tastes, or temperatures) or hyposensitivity (reduced awareness). This affects eating, speaking, and oral care in children and adolescents with ASD.
## Key Impacts
Children with ASD show higher rates of feeding difficulties, like picky eating or food refusal, compared to typically developing peers. Speech errors, such as articulation issues or delayed language, stem from poor oral-motor coordination and sensory-motor disturbances.
Behavioral challenges during dental visits or brushing often link to these sensory issues, increasing oral disease risk.
## Common Manifestations
- Hypersensitivity: Gagging on certain foods, aversion to brushing, or resistance to new textures.
- Hyposensitivity: Excessive chewing (oral fixation) or seeking intense oral stimuli for self-soothing.- Related factors: Oral microbiota changes and broader sensory processing disorders may contribute.
## Management Strategies
Modifying the sensory environment, like using desensitization tools or gradual exposure, can improve tolerance. Oral stimulation therapies enhance motor skills for speech and eating; professional support from therapists is recommended.
